The pathogenesis of gastroesophageal reflux disease gerd is complex and involves changes in reflux exposure, epithelial resistance, and visceral sensitivity. Keep vision in your future 12 speakers guide slide 11. It occurs when the drainage area at the back of the eye becomes blocked. Multiple factors acting either on cell bodies or their axons are believed to lead to rgc death. Goals of therapy the goal of therapy is to prevent further deterioration of vision from disease progression, which is accomplished by lowering the intraocular pressure iop. A general understanding of the disease pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment may assist. Hyperglycemia, and the associated inflammatory processes, lead to the micro and. May 14, 2014 objective to describe current evidence regarding the pathophysiology and treatment of openangle glaucoma and angleclosure glaucoma. The underlying cause of openangle glaucoma remains unclear. Please use one of the following formats to cite this article in your essay, paper or report. Acute angleclosure glaucoma aacg is an ocular emergency and receives distinction due to its acute presentation, need for immediate treatment, and wellestablished anatomic pathology. Pathophysiology the mechanisms that cause glaucoma are not fully understood.
It permits people to increase their economic yield by up to 1500% of the cost of the surgery through the first postoperative year, nevertheless if left untreated it can result in a patient being removed from work. Glaucoma glaucoma types, diagnosis, and treatment 3. The pathophysiology of cataract and major interventions to. The pathophysiology and treatment of glaucoma ncbi. Congenital glaucoma 40% of cases is existent or becomes evident at birth. An indepth discussion of the pathophysiology of glaucoma is beyond the scope of this article, and the understanding of the pathogenesis of glaucoma and the factors contributing to its progression. The pathophysiology of glaucomatous optic neuropathy is not well understood.
Diagnosis is by ophthalmoscopy, gonioscopy, visual field examination, and measurement of central corneal thickness and iop. The main problem or pathology in glaucoma is caused by raised intraocular pressure. In 2001, we documented2 a high prevalence of helicobacter pylori infection in greek patients with poag, establishing a relation between h pylori infection and glaucoma. Chart and diagram slides for powerpoint beautifully designed chart and diagram s for powerpoint with visually stunning graphics and animation effects. The visual field defects in glaucoma are often detected only after 40% of the axons are lost. Learn vocabulary, terms, and more with flashcards, games, and other study tools. Acute angle closure glaucoma is a condition characterized by raised intraocular pressure due to impaired outflow of aqueous humor from the posterior chamber of the eye. Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases associated with acute or chronic destruction of the optic nerve with or without concomitant increased intraocular pressure. As a result, fluid cant circulate through the eye and pressure increases.
Glaucoma in general, glaucoma occurs as a result of increased intraocular pressure iop caused by a malformation or malfunction of the eyes. Glaucoma is a disease that damages your optic nerve and can result in reduced vision. Glaucoma primary open angle glaucoma normal eye pressure builds when the drainage system is blocked. This damage is often caused by an abnormally pathophysiology of glaucoma download as powerpoint presentation. Primary openangle glaucoma merck manuals professional edition. Early detection and treatment by your eye doctor are the keys to preventing vision loss from glaucoma. Keep vision in your future 3 speakers guide slide 2. Our new crystalgraphics chart and diagram slides for powerpoint is a collection of over impressively designed datadriven chart and editable diagram s guaranteed to impress any audience. See overview of glaucoma in infants and children and angleclosure glaucoma and openangle glaucoma. Glaucoma knowledge for medical students and physicians. Jun 26, 2018 sep 15, 2015 glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, which is vital to good vision. Andrews nartey, department of optometry and visual science, kwame nkrumah university of.
May 14, 2014 glaucoma is a worldwide leading cause of irreversible vision loss. Learn more about the types, causes, symptoms, risk factors, diagnosis, and treatment of glaucoma. Speakers text o o treatment for glaucoma can often delay the progression of the disease. Canine glaucoma traditionally, glaucoma has been defined as an elevated iop beyond that which permits normal visual function. The optic nerve supplies visual information to your brain from your eyes. Glaucoma is a term describing a group of ocular eye disorders that result in optic. Injury to the eye causes this secondary form of glaucoma. Pupillary block is the most common mechanism of angle. Glaucoma is a condition that damages your eye s optic nerve. Acute angleclosure glaucoma is an ophthalmological emergency that is caused by a sudden increase in the intraocular pressure iop, typically due to.
Increased iop eventually destroys optic nerve function causing blindness. Speakers text the illustration above shows how fluid flows in the eye. Infantile glaucoma 50% of cases becomes evident during early childhood of over impressively designed datadriven chart and editable diagram s guaranteed to impress any audience. Whether the site of primary damage is the ganglion cell body or their axons remains fiercely debatable. Because it may be asymptomatic until a relatively late stage, diagnosis is frequently delayed. Pathogenesis elevated iop in glaucoma results from. In most clinical cases, a painless elevation of iop occurs, which can lead to progressive optic nerve damage and visual. Epidemiology, clinical presentation, and diagnosis. Obstruction to outflow of aqueous humor through the trabecular meshwork into schlemms canal leads to increased iop.
Sep 15, 2015 glaucoma is a group of eye conditions that damage the optic nerve, which is vital to good vision. Once the optic nerve is damaged, it fails to carry visual information to the brain and this results in loss of vision. Its worldwide agestandardised prevalence in the population aged 40 years or older is about 35%. Mar 11, 2019 this video discusses the three main types of glaucomaopenangle glaucoma, closedangle glaucoma, and normaltension glaucoma, as well as the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. Cataracts pathophysiology and managements 152 socioeconomic outcome of cataract surgery is large.
Nov 19, 2018 glaucoma is a nonspecific term used for several ocular diseases that ultimately result in increased intraocular pressure iop and decreased visual acuity. Glaucoma treatments include medicine, laser surgery, conventional surgery, or a combination of any of these. Secondary glaucoma can occur due to things like eye injuries or advanced cases of diabetes. Glaucoma usually affects the perimitery vision first, with sight gradually being lost towards the center of the eye. Neovascular glaucoma nvg is a severe form of secondary glaucoma characterized by proliferation of fibrovascular tissue in the anterior chamber angle. Glaucoma openangle, closedangle, and normaltension youtube. History a patients medical history, family history and background are important to determine the presence of risk factors. Esophageal exposure to gastric refluxate is the primary determinant of disease severity. Progression usually stops if the intraocular pressure is lowered by 3050% from baseline. Glaucomas a group of eye diseases that are most often caused by. It is benign rise of iop usually found in about 610% of population above 40yrs of age and is more common than open angle glaucoma. Glaucoma, disease caused by an increase in pressure within the eye as a result of blockage of the flow of aqueous humour, a watery fluid produced by the ciliary body the ciliary body is a ring of tissue directly behind the outer rim of the iris. Introduction glaucoma refers to a group of diseases characterized.
Current concepts in the pathophysiology of glaucoma. Nov 14, 2018 angleclosure glaucoma, also called closedangle glaucoma, occurs when the iris bulges forward to narrow or block the drainage angle formed by the cornea and iris. Glaucoma is an eye disease that can damage your optic nerve. It is the most frequent cause of irreversible blindness worldwide. It mostly affects adults over 40, but young adults, children, and even infants can have it.
Oct 26, 2016 acute angleclosure glaucoma is an ophthalmological emergency that is caused by a sudden increase in the intraocular pressure iop, typically due to an obstruction to aqueous outflow through the. Some people have narrow drainage angles, putting them at increased risk of angleclosure glaucoma. How to diagnose and treat anglerecession glaucoma american. Glaucoma is a group of eye diseases which result in damage to the optic nerve and cause vision loss. Angleclosure glaucoma, also called closedangle glaucoma, occurs when the iris bulges forward to narrow or block the drainage angle formed by the cornea and iris. Glaucoma pathophysiology and detection free download as powerpoint presentation.
This increasing pressure presses against the optic nerve and causes a gradual loss of sight. New treatment offering relief for glaucoma patients. It is defined as one who has an elevated iop in the absence of identifiable optic neuropathy and visual field defects. Glaucoma is a heterogeneous group of diseases and the pathophysiology of glaucoma is believed to be multifactorial.
Glaucoma is a complicated disease in which damage to the optic nerve results in vision loss. Hair can be categorized as either vellus fine, soft, and not pigmented or terminal long, coarse, and pigmented 1. Phacomorphic glaucoma is a lensinduced secondary angleclosure glaucoma that may occur as a result of mature cataract formation. Pathophysiology although the pathogenesis of glaucoma is not fully understood, the level of intraocular pressure is related to retinal ganglion cell death. Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness, especially in older adults. Glaucoma is a worldwide leading cause of irreversible vision loss. Primary openangle glaucoma is a syndrome of optic nerve damage associated with an open anterior chamber angle and an elevated or sometimes average intraocular pressure iop. Nov 26, 2018 openangle glaucoma is the most common type of glaucoma. Clear fluid flows in and out of a small space at the front of the eye called the anterior chamber. Visual acuity a refraction is done to determine best corrected vision. Glaucoma is a disease that damages your optic nerve and can result in reduced vision and even blindness glaucoma affects more than 70. It is this raised pressure that compresses and damages the optic nerve. The gastric refluxate is a noxious material that injures the esophagus and elicits symptoms.
Glaucoma is a heterogeneous group of diseases characterised by cupping of the optic nerve head and visualfield damage. Congenital glaucoma europe american academy of ophthalmology. Ppt glaucoma powerpoint presentation free to download. Openangle glaucoma is the most common type of glaucoma. Pathophysiology blunt force to the globe causes an anterior to posterior axial compression with equatorial distension. Glaucoma is the second most common cause of legal blindness described as visual acuity va of 20200 or poorer and visual field of less than 20 in width of its diameter in the united states, and it is the leading cause of blindness in african americans. Glaucoma a heterogeneous group of disorders marked by damage to the optic nerve is the second leading cause of blindness worldwide. The most common type is openangle glaucoma, in which the drainage angle for fluid within the eye remains open, with less common types including closedangle glaucoma and normaltension glaucoma. Objective to describe current evidence regarding the pathophysiology and treatment of openangle glaucoma and angleclosure glaucoma. Hyperglycemia, or elevated glucose levels within the blood, is the hallmark of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Pathophysiology of gastroesophageal reflux disease. We believe robert weinreb and peng tee khaws seminar may 22, p 17111 provides incomplete information with respect to the pathophysiology and future therapeutic strategies for primary openangle glaucoma poag. Glaucoma pathophysiology and detection glaucoma human eye. Its often linked to a buildup of pressure inside your eye.
Lens induced secondary angleclosure glaucoma phacomorphic glaucoma pathophysiology. Glaucoma is usually, but not always, the result of abnormally. In the us, glaucoma is the second leading cause of blindness in adults following agerelated macular degeneration. There are variations but quite posterior branches will become the central retinal artery, and ciliary arteries on each side of the optic nerve. Glaucoma is a progressive vision condition that can lead to permanent blindness.
This video discusses the three main types of glaucomaopenangle glaucoma, closedangle glaucoma, and normaltension glaucoma, as well as the pathophysiology, diagnosis, and treatment. In individuals who are at a high risk of developing glaucomatous damage, preventive measures, including lowering iop, may be indicated. Glaucoma in general, glaucoma occurs as a result of increased intraocular pressure iop caused by a malformation or malfunction of the eyes drainage system. The pathophysiology of cataract and major interventions to retarding its progression. Canine glaucoma can be classified as congenital, primary, or secondary. Dec 19, 2007 the visual field defects in glaucoma are often detected only after 40% of the axons are lost. Whether insulin is not present due to hyposecretion, or if the hormone is rendered useless because of insulin resistance, the end result will be hyperglycemia. Congenital glaucoma is a heterogeneous group of diseases with the following classifications based on age. Resistance of drainage of aqueous through the trabecular meshwok, due to. Although the etiology of glaucoma is multifactorial, intraocular pressure iop is the only modifiable factor in glaucoma management proven to alter the natural course of the disease. Primary closedangle glaucoma is caused by disorders of the iris, the lens, and retrolenticular structures.
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